Gm minivans 1989

Gm minivans 1989. Sold alongside the GMC Safari, the Astro was marketed in multiple configurations, including passenger van and cargo van. Find your perfect car with Edmunds expert reviews, car comparisons, and pricing tools. But it’s also special because of its interior: According to the ad, this van was formerly used as a government surveillance van Sep 30, 2023 · But neither the Chevy Astro nor GMC Safari ever competed strongly against the likes of Chrysler’s minivan lineup in part because GM decided to go with a truck-based minivan instead of the car-like FWD models favored by Chrysler. With its extraordinarily fast front windshield angle, its rounded box passenger compartment, its blacked-out roof, and its injected-molded plastic body panels, it looked more like a Syd Mead concept for an Eighties sci-fi thriller than a GM design for an Eighties suburban hauler. net. com. This 1989 Chevy van is special in part because it’s a 1989 Chevy van with just 18,500 miles, which likely makes it one of the best-preserved Chevy cargo vans on earth. Jun 8, 2017 · List of popular Minivans, listed alphabetically with photos when available. 00 Chevrolet Chevy Van in Sandpoint, ID 2. I think minivans are probably one the smartest cars ever invented. Minivans Find 45 used GMC Safari as low as $5,500 on Carsforsale. 1 i (122 Hp)? Front wheel drive. 03 lb. 71 in. But GM felt that there was a potentially large market. 1989 Chevrolet Astro is seating 2 people. It has a 3. Even today’s oddballs (like the BMW and Mercedes lifted AWD sedans with hatchbacks) don’t really line up with this thing. 9 in. Think about it, and don't just get angry because you dislike minivans. Dec 26, 2004 · Incentives, once seen as a smart way to sell sluggish product in the mid 1990s, have become the plague of the automotive industry today. The 2004 Chevrolet Venture is a minivan that was produced by General Motors from 1997 to 2005. Check out the results and details of our Minivan Challenge for 2021 here. Edmunds has 24 Used GMC Safaris for sale near you, including a 2002 Safari SLE Minivan and a 2005 Safari Minivan ranging in price from $4,500 to $13,975. SEE ALSO: Chevrolet Buyer's Guide. Aug 20, 2024 · The Chevrolet Lumina APV is a minivan that was produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors. Every used car for sale comes with a free CARFAX Report. The Chevrolet Astro is a minivan that was manufactured and marketed by the Chevrolet division of American auto manufacturer General Motors from 1985 to 2005. Stepped along right smartly thanks to the T-type suspension. Find the best used Chevrolet Minivans near you. GM was, typically, late to the minivan party. 2024 Chevrolet Blazer EV . The styling of these minivans were controversial. Lumina chevrolet 1999 2001 1995 sedan ls 1997 v6 auto monte carlo 1996 1l cars momentcar carspecs The Chevrolet Lumina APV is a minivan that was produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors. Jun 19, 2014 · 1995 Lumina APV/Minivan Other than extended-life transmission fluid, little change was evident. Introduced as the first minivans from an American-brand manufacturer and popularizing the minivan as a vehicle, the Dodge Caravan and Plymouth Voyager were launched ahead of chief competitors Chevrolet Astro/GMC Safari and Ford Aerostar. At the time that the Oldsmobile Silhouette and its siblings were conceived, no one had tried to market a stylish or sporty minivan. Shop millions of cars from over 22,500 dealers and find the perfect car. Qualified fleet purchasers have the option of extending the Savana's powertrain warranty for five years Test drive Used Chevrolet Astro at home from the top dealers in your area. Mar 9, 2022 · You also get the power-folding back seats and a tube TV in the back. Dec 25, 2023 · The Oldsmobile Silhouette was launched in 1989 as a slightly fancier alternative to mechanically identical vans from Pontiac and Chevrolet. Search from 56 Used Chevrolet Astro cars for sale, including a 1992 Chevrolet Astro Extended, a 1995 Chevrolet Astro, and a 1999 Chevrolet Astro ranging in price from $500 to $21,998. Aug 17, 2022 · 1989-1996 Oldsmobile Silhouette. 3i V6 (145 Hp) Automatic? Aug 9, 2021 · Much has changed since our last minivan comparison, so we felt it was time for another look. See 1995 GMC G2500 models for sale. And we all Aug 7, 2007 · Automotive Industry & GM News The Minivan Is Dead. These vans looked the part — the part of the then-popular Dustbuster vacuum cleaners, that is. 2004 Chevrolet Astro - 6 Feb 26, 2016 · 2006 Chevrolet Uplander. We have 2,322 Chevrolet Vans for sale that are reported accident free, 2,210 1-Owner cars, and 184 personal use cars. What is the engine size, GMC Safari Minivan 1989 4. General Motors stopped minivan sales in the United States as of 2008. But first, the automaker tried a transitional step, deploying a fresh front-end design for the generation of minivans Test drive Used Chevrolet Van / Minivans at home from the top dealers in your area. 3L V6 OHV 12V. Unfortunately, General Motors failed to understand why buyers flocked to the minivans. Oct 9, 2019 · As North America’s largest automaker, GM hardly sat still on the sidelines through the 1980s as Chrysler fattened its wallets with its highly profitable minivans. Test drive Used GMC Van / Minivans at home from the top dealers in your area. The car has a large tank size capacity of 17. Edit options. Production numbers were substantial, but exact figures are hard to come by. Search by price, view certified pre-owned Safaris, filter by color and much more. It is manufactured in United States. Collector's Information. Tow ratings alone set the Astro apart as most minivans in its class could only tow up to 3,500 pounds. It took until 1989 for them to offer a full-fledged minivan in the form of the U-platform Pontiac Trans Sport/Chevy Lumina 1989 Renault Espace. In 2005, GM introduced the Chevrolet Lumina as a competitor to the growing mid-size sedan market. Discover the Jan 17, 2024 · Criticisms typically centered around its boxy design and fuel economy, which lagged behind smaller minivans of the era. com®. 9163 The Minivan Is Dead. HD wallpaper for backgrounds Chevrolet Lumina APV/Minivan 1989 year, car tuning Chevrolet Lumina APV/Minivan 1989 year and concept car Chevrolet Lumina APV/Minivan 1989 year wallpapers. Minivan, 3 Doors, 7 Seats: How much power, GMC Safari Minivan 1989 4. ) Oldsmobile Silhouette. ” In the autumn of 1989, General Motors unveiled its unique contribution to the minivan category pioneered by the Chrysler Corporation. 2000 GMC Safari Minivan This 1989 Chevrolet G20 was converted when new by Leisure Vans and features a 5. How many of these short-timers can you recall? The Chevrolet Van or Chevy Van (also known as the Chevrolet/GMC G-series vans and GMC Vandura) is a range of vans that was manufactured by General Motors from the 1964 to 1996 model years. Introduced shortly before the Ford Taurus , the Aerostar derived its name from its slope-nosed "one-box" exterior (although over six feet tall, the body of the Aerostar retained a drag 1989 Chevrolet Astro has an enjoyable CARGO VAN body style. May 2, 1996 · GM's New VanguardGeneral Motors again will offer three flavors of its front-drive minivans in 1997: the Chevrolet Venture (nee Lumina Minivan), Oldsmobile Silhouette, and Pontiac Trans Sport Feb 28, 2020 · We all know what Chrysler’s coolest minivan is: the turbo, manual first-gen Dodge Caravan. Oct 30, 2006 · General Car Lounge. Choose from a wide range of packages and exteriors in the Chevy Express lineup of cargo and passenger vans with multiple configurations to fit any business. Launched as the first front-wheel drive minivan sold by Chevrolet, the Lumina APV was sold in a single generation from the 1990 to 1996 model years. The wheel of the vehicle's axle are RWD driveline. The car has 3 variations available for its customers. You won’t go wrong buying it, but there are better options in terms of price and amenities. in. It’s neither fish nor fowl nor fauna. The design earned the nickname "Dustbuster". If there was a single, prominent theme to the Cars of the 1990s, it was easier access and more space. Description: Used 2001 Chevrolet Astro LS with All-Wheel Drive, Keyless Entry, Passenger Van, Limited Slip Differential, Chrome Wheels, Side Airbags, 15 Inch Wheels, Premium Sound System, Extended Van, and Rear Bench Seat Year: 2000 Make: GMC Model: Safari Body type: Van Doors: 3 doors Drivetrain: Rear-Wheel Drive Engine: 190 hp 4. 00 Chevrolet Chevy Van in Spokane, WA 2. 00 gallon. . Search from 4586 Used Chevrolet Van / Minivans for sale, including a 2001 Chevrolet Express 3500 Extended, a 2004 Chevrolet Venture LS, and a 2005 Chevrolet Express 2500 ranging in price from $500 to $97,998. Image: GM. They weren’t in any way a sexy option (unless functionality lights your fire, in which case… you go!), but still, this revolution in soccer mom transportation marked the decline of station wagons (also not hot) as the preferred mode of transportation for families. 4-liter V6 engine that produces 185 horsepow AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary. North American vans were built in GM's plant in Doraville, Georgia. 7-liter V8 backed by a four-speed automatic transmission. GM’s first “bigger is better” rear-wheel drive Astro/Safari twins did little in chipping away at Chrysler’s market dominance, but its second crack at it was a much closer Prices shown are the prices you can expect to pay for a 1989 Chevrolet Astro Cargo Van across different levels of condition. 00 Chevrolet Chevy Van in Sugar Land, TX 2. Futuristic The Pontiac Montana is a minivan that was sold by General Motors under the Pontiac brand for model years 1997 to 2009. Internal Combustion engine. 3L V6 Exterior color: White Fuel type: The Chrysler minivans became the only domestic brand minivans as GM and Ford replaced their slow-selling models with three-row crossover SUVs. 1996 lumina chevrolet cargurus Apv lumina chevrolet minivan 1989 1996 presented gasoline engine class usa car model 1996 chevrolet lumina minivan is improbably excellent. 3 l 4300 cm 3 262. 1989 1996 U-body: 1 Chevrolet's first minivan based on GM U-body Tracker: 1989 2004 TA 2 Chevrolet's mini SUV developed and produced by CAMI, a joint venture between GM of Canada and Suzuki Lumina: 1990 2001 GM W: 2 Chevrolet's mid-size sedan replacing Celebrity and Monte Carlo Venture: 1997 2005 GMT 200: 1 Chevrolet's minivan which replaced Aug 6, 2021 · But as sales of minivans became stagnant in the mid '90s, Ford discontinued the Aerostar. Exterior styling, as with most other Toyotas on the market, is on the bland side, although the Sienna does have a distinctive front end that visually ties it to the rest of the brand’s lineup. Research, compare, and save listings, or contact sellers directly from 6 Chevrolet models in Milwaukee, WI. The Pontiac Montana and Chevrolet Uplander continued to be sold in Canada and Mexico for 2009. Reviews (0) Questions (0) Comparisons (0) User reviews for 1989 Chevrolet Chevy Van. How wide is the vehicle, 1989 Chevrolet Lumina Minivan? 1877 mm 73. It took until 1989 for GM to unveil its first real minivan, the Lumina APV (for All Purpose Vehicle). It's too bad they stopped making the Crown Vic and the Impala is FWD, need to bring the Caprice 9C1 concept to life and change the Impala to the old Pontiac G8 platform, it'd sell a lot better, like when Chrysler got smart and went from the FWD Intrepid to the RWD 300/Charger. Jul 2, 2023 · Shop Chevrolet minivans in Milwaukee, WI for sale at Cars. Jan 17, 2024 · The 1989 Chevrolet Astro Van may not be the first vehicle that comes to mind when you think of classic cars, but it certainly deserves a spot in the annals of automotive history. GM had a history of taking a different approach to the minivan segment, at least initially. Jump to Latest May 22, 2011 · I'm a full size RWD car fan, love the Panthers and Chevy B-bodies. Jun 14, 2018 · 1990 Chevrolet Lumina APV Test Drive. The engine was GM’s version of the BMW eta cars: not much horsepower (121) but lots of torque (190 lb/ft). I may be wrong in thinking this, and I may offend some of you Tahoe/Explorer/Durango owning people out there, but oh well. And that was precisely the point, based on the space-age TV commercials GM made when the Astro debuted as an ’85 model. $8,000--GIs No Down"), it was in another suburban essential Test drive Used GMC Van / Minivans at home from the top dealers in your area. Its badge-engineered variants were the Chevrolet Venture and the Oldsmobile Silhouette in the first generation, and the Chevrolet Uplander, Saturn Relay, and Buick Terraza in the second generation. Jan 20, 2022 · A 3-row Chevy TrailBlazer EXT ran about $6,500 more to start. Lumina Minivans disappeared after ’96, replaced by an all-new steel-bodied Venture. The first-generation Chrysler minivans are a series of minivans produced and marketed by the Chrysler Corporation from the 1984 to the 1990 model years. Jan 17, 2021 · It seems like Mazda went down a similar path as GM and Ford and found a way to repurpose pickup truck and big sedan parts to make a not-minivan. 848 likes, 58 comments - carsofmn on March 12, 2024: "1994 Chevrolet Lumina Minivan [ ] _ the dustbuster minivans are some of my all time favorite vans ️ this lumina minivan has been sitting here for about 3 years now, and you can tell by the way the earth is reclaiming the interior. [32] The only engine offered was a 2. Research, compare, and save listings, or contact sellers directly from 6 Chevrolet models in Tucson, AZ. General Motors’ answer to Chrysler’s minivan was a smaller version of a full-sized, rear-wheel-drive van. Jun 11, 2019 · 1989 Chevy G30 Surveillance Van – $6,995. Save up to $16,537 on one of 349 used Chevrolet Minivans near you. View the Savana family of GMC vans to find the passenger, cargo, or cutaway van that's best for you. 3i V6 (145 Hp)? Rear Search from 4434 Used Chevrolet Van / Minivans for sale, including a 2005 Chevrolet Astro Passenger AWD, a 2005 Chevrolet Express 2500, and a 2006 Chevrolet Express 1500 AWD ranging in price from Cost to Drive Cost to drive estimates for the 1990 Chevrolet Lumina Minivan 3dr Minivan and comparison vehicles are based on 15,000 miles per year (with a mix of 55% city and 45% highway driving Nov 12, 2008 · 6. Chrysler launched a new segment seemingly overnight with the 1984 Dodge Caravan. We have 10 GMC Minivans for sale that are reported accident free, 6 1-Owner cars, and 8 personal use cars. How much is the used GMC Safari? Feb 19, 2021 · The 1989 Chevrolet Lumina APV was a resolutely futuristic design. 5 liter V6, producing 152 hp and 154 lb-ft of torque. How long is this vehicle, 1989 Chevrolet Lumina Minivan? 4844 mm 190. 3i V6 (145 Hp)? 145 Hp, 339 Nm 250. The 1990 Oldsmobile Silhouette and its sibling models, sold more successfully than Aug 15, 2023 · Thanks to a popular Hollywood movie, the Oldsmobile version of GM’s dustbuster minivans earned its own nickname: “the Cadillac of minivans. Compare and contrast price, expert ratings, consumer ratings, and fuel efficiency across 206 different GMC Van/Minivans from 2025 to 1992. [ 40 ] Changes for the 2010 Dodge Grand Caravans included new active head restraints for the driver and front passenger on all models, three-zone manual climate controls for the Grand Caravan SE, and a Find the best used GMC Minivans near you. So quick results are possible. 00 listings starting at $33,000. We all know Ford’s coolest minivan: the rear-wheel drive, manual transmission Ford Aerostar. 4 cu. Up until 1989, the Chevrolet Astro came standard with a manual transmission. Mated to the Lumina's engine was a four-speed automatic. Born from the innovative minds at Chevrolet, a division of General Motors, this workhorse was introduced in the mid-1980s as a response to the burgeoning minivan 1989 Chevrolet Astro Trims. originally called the lumina apv, the chevrolet version of the gm “dustbuster” minivans was sold from The Chevrolet Venture is a minivan produced by General Motors for the 1997 to 2005 model years. Get reviews, photos, and pricing information for the most popular Chevrolet Minivans. If you're into vintage Minivans then this list is a great resource for checking them out. 9163 Views 189 Replies 64 Participants Last post by Neanderthal, Aug 10, May 11, 2024 · In 1996 for the 1997 model year, GM released its second generation of front-wheel drive minivans. 3i V6 (145 Hp) Automatic? 4. In 1999, Shanghai GM commenced production of the Buick GL8 minivan, derived from a minivan platform designed by GM in the United States Chevrolet Lumina APV/Minivan 1989 year wallpapers - Free pictures of Chevrolet Lumina APV/Minivan 1989 year for your desktop. Nov 3, 2017 · The Toyota Sienna is a middle-of-the-road minivan. 3i V6 (145 Hp)? 4. 7L V8 Exterior color: Blue Find the best used Chevrolet Vans near you. There were more unusual features in the van; the frame was a galvanized steel space frame design with dent resistant body panels, much like the later Saturn. 00 listings starting at $6,999. General Motors lead the way with its dramatic new minivans, the Chevrolet APV, Pontiac Transport and Oldsmobile Silhouette. Trim Engine Drive Train MSRP; 3dr Cargo Mini-Van: 4 Cylinder: RWD: 10900: Chevrolet Astro Minivans for Sale. The Trans Sport name was discontinued in 1998 for the 1999 model year (1999 and MY2000 in Canada respectively) by Pontiac in favor of the Pontiac Montana , a name GMC Vans and Minivans. 3i V6 (145 Hp)? 6, V-engine: What is the drivetrain, GMC Safari I Minivan 1989 4. Research, compare, and save listings, or contact sellers directly from 6 Chevrolet models in Orlando, FL. Check the carfax, find a low miles Safari, view Safari photos and interior/exterior features. GMC includes one complementary dealer visit for scheduled maintenance during the first year. 3 i V6 (165 Hp) Minivan 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 | Technical Specs, Fuel consumption, Dimensions, 165 Hp, 13. Unlike a pickup truck, The list includes minivans, passenger vans and cargo vans. It is finished in two-tone maroon and mauve with a raised roof and an interior with cloth upholstery and wood trim. 00 Chevrolet Chevy Van in Traverse City, MI Shop Chevrolet minivans in Orlando, FL for sale at Cars. Production of the Buick GL8 continues in Shanghai, China. Find great deals or sell your items for free. 00 listings starting at $5,900. Write a review. Note: Many of the vehicles (both current and past) are related to other vehicles in the list. Chevy Express Vans: Cargo, 12 Passenger and 15 Passenger Production of the Silhouette began in December 1989 as 1990 models. General Motors's first minivans broke plenty of new ground when they were introduced back in 1989. 1996 Lumina APV/Minivan A new 3. The real Pontiac Trans Sport, launched in December 1989, maintained the radical styling. -ft. 3dr Cargo Mini-Van 3dr SLE Mini-Van 3dr SLT Extended Mini-Van 3dr SLT Mini-Van 3dr SLX Mini-Van 3dr Cargo Mini-Van GM withdrew the brand in 2003, leaving them without a car in the mid-size segment. See the list of 1989 GMC Safari interior features that comes standard for the available trims / styles. The first generation was a fairly important model for Welcome to the ultimate guide to the Chevrolet Lumina APV! Dive into the world of revolutionary minivan tech with this comprehensive breakdown. The built-in Dustbuster is an early precursor to the vacuums we see in minivans today. How many cylinders, 1989 GMC 4. Former minivans: 1989 Grand Caravan LE 3 Jun 29, 2023 · This was the first year that GM affixed the crypto-Bosch fuel injection to the V6, and it was flawless. We have 84 Chevrolet Minivans for sale that are reported accident free, 49 1-Owner cars, and 28 personal use cars. Marketed alongside the Pontiac Trans Sport and Old The Trans Sport was again the mid-range GM minivan, slotted between the value-oriented Chevrolet Venture (replacing the Lumina APV) and the luxury-oriented Oldsmobile Silhouette. Launched as the first front-wheel drive minivan sold by Chevrolet, the Lumina APV was sold in a single generation from the 1990 to 1996 model years. Sep 9, 2020 · When Chevrolet launched the Lumina APV in 1989 for the 1990 model year, they were playing catch-up. Reddit Feb 9, 2023 · The 1980s and 1990s saw a significant shift in the automobile industry with the rise of minivans as the go-to family vehicle. 1 l/100 The first minivan produced by Ford, the model line was marketed against the Chevrolet Astro/GMC Safari and the first two generations of the Chrysler minivans. net OEM Astro Parts from GMPartsCenter. Aug 10, 2021 · A 4. Related: 5 Minivans You’ve Probably Forgotten; The Jeep Wayout Concept Is the Ultimate Overlanding Gladiator; Autotrader Find: Super Clean 1988 Jeep What is the drivetrain, Chevrolet Lumina APV Minivan 1989 3. Jun 17, 2014 · Here we have collected no fewer than 30 minivan models that have come and gone since Chrysler introduced the game-changing Dodge Caravan and Plymouth Voyager way back in 1984. Alongside the passenger van, the model line was sold by Dodge as a cargo van; from 1984 to 1988, it was known as the Dodge Mini Ram Van and as the Dodge (Grand) Caravan C/V from 1989 to 1990. Search from 2141 Used GMC Van / Minivans for sale, including a 2002 GMC Safari, a 2014 GMC Savana 3500, and a 2015 GMC Savana 3500 ranging in price from $500 to $89,995. Aug 1, 2009 · Check out Tank's custom 1989 Chevrolet Astro van, which has been modified with a body drop, c-notched frame, air bags, and more, in the August 2009 issue of Mini Truckin' Magazine. Base Price $10,950. The Chevrolet Lumina APV is a minivan that was produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors. Options on the first-generation model included a futuristic digital speedometer, a "sport" two-tone paint scheme General Motors' first attempt at producing a minivan to compete with the Chrysler minivans, the rear wheel drive, truck-based Chevrolet Astro and its twin, the GMC Safari failed to compete strongly against Chrysler's dominance in the minivan market in the 1980s. Apr 17, 2007 · Right, so minivans. Following the controversial market reception of the GMT199 generation, the second generation closely adopted the defined "two-box" form factor of the Chrysler minivans, sharing a similar size and layout as the third-generation Dodge Caravan/Chrysler Town & Country/Plymouth Voyager (released a year Jan 19, 2008 · Member Garage Discussion Find the best Chevrolet Minivans near you. Shop Chevrolet minivans in Tucson, AZ for sale at Cars. In August 1997, the 2,029,577th—and final—Aerostar rolled off the assembly line. A vehicle listed as a 'past model' may still be in production in an updated form under a different name, it may be listed under that name in the 'currently in production 1989; 1988; 1987; 1986; 1985; OEM Astro Parts from GMPartsCenter. Rebates, zero per cent financing, extra equipment at no charge-- all of these things have the buying ignoring the sticker price expecting a deal of some kind or another as a matter or course. Here are the top GMC Safari listings for sale ASAP. 3L V6 equipped Chevrolet Astro produced 165 horsepower and allowed users to tow up to 5,000 pounds. Today, the 1989 GMC Safari Van is a rare sight on the roads, with many having succumbed to the rigors of time and use. Chevrolet Chevy Van in Nashville, TN 1. 4-liter V6 became standard, as all models got seven passenger seating and standard air conditioning. Minivans & Your Opinions. The Chevrolet Venture, along with most of its General Motors minivan 1997 Chevrolet Venture Minivan by Carey Russ. Aug 7, 2007 · We may earn a commission for products purchased through links on this page Oct 8, 2007 · The November results will include the 2008 large GM crossovers (Enclave, Outlook, Acadia). GM never really found its footing in the minivan category, leaving the segment after the 2008 model year, when it committed to positioning three-row crossovers as its family-friendly vehicles of choice. By 2005, the Astro and Safari were gasping for breath, but the big Express and Savana were just getting warmed up. Examples of all Minivan style cars are shown here, ranging from older Minivans to newer Minivans. Chevrolet Astro 4. May 13, 2024 · 1996 Chevrolet Lumina Sedan 4D Pictures and Videos | Kelley Blue Book. For over 20 years, the Chevrolet Astro van was a well Year: 1994 Make: Chevrolet Model: Chevy Van Body type: Van Doors: 3 doors Drivetrain: Rear-Wheel Drive Engine: 200 hp 5. Nov 17, 1989 · When American Dreamers drove the firstborn of the baby boom to their Kaiser homes in the San Fernando Valley ("Northridge Knolls . New and used Chevrolet G-20 for sale near you on Facebook Marketplace. Chrysler added a minivan to its namesake brand early in the 1990 year, shifting the Chrysler Town & Country from its traditional station wagon usage to a 1989 Chevrolet Chevy Van Reviews, Pricing & Specs. The Internal combustion engine (ICE) drives the front wheels of the vehicle. The engine type is 4. This list displays almost all Minivans ever made by a mainstream car manufacturer. rsbg zdlq cqfmc xunk iulj fgictnb vwzrv vwlgu xdvhjp tltvrb